Hostile Architecture and The Right to the City

Architecture vs. the People: a discussion of how elements in urban design are being created with the intent of moving people like the homeless out and making them someone else's problem without any concern for the underlying structural inequality.

From the article: "Since so very few have a hand in actually shaping the city, most people are captives of the spaces they inhabit and subjects of their categorical powers and biases. Many more are even fiercely excluded from participating at all in the city's making."

This is one of the things that literature about the right to the city is getting at. The right to the city isn't just about the right to be there; it's about the right to have a part in producing urban space.

The powers that be often don't have any interest in fixing structural issues that create homelessness. They just want the problem to go somewhere else. I think people who do things like pour concrete over anti-homeless spikes are heroes, producing space that's just a little less actively hostile to the powerless.

Classical Music Questions

So I know next to nothing about classical music, other than the names of a few composers and pieces that I like. I'm listening to some classical CDs that I've had around for years as I write my take home finals and term papers and questions about them are coming up.

The pieces on this Mozart CD, for instance, almost all have a tempo indication as part of their title. (I only learned that these were tempo indications recently, thanks to Google. Until then I thought words like "allegro" or "adagio" were part of some standardized descriptive title schema that I didn't understand.)

Anyway, take a piece of music described as "Eine kleine Nachtmusik: Allegro." Is allegro included because it actually *is* part of the title, or is it just to indicate that it's performed that way in this recording? If the latter, is the same piece also generally played with other timings? Is it up to the conductor? And why do some pieces have a tempo noted and others do not?